In his own answers to the question ‘What is truth?’, John makes it clear that all three persons of the Trinity, God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit, can be identified with the truth. When he wrote in an abstract way about ‘the truth’ in 2 and 3 John, he may have had all three in mind. In fact, there are no direct references to the Holy Spirit in either of these epistles. The various points John goes on to make about ‘the truth’ here, he also makes in his other